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Where the garden meets the wild 

WATER & WETLAND PLANTS  Under construction
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Photograph © Dorrie Woodward

Here we present some of our favorite water-loving plants. Above:

All photographs on this page are copyright. Copyright owners are named on the pages devoted to each species. 


WHAT IS A WETLAND?  Ponds and streams are wet, but they're not wetlands.  

RESOURCES  "I popped out one little rock and the entire lake drained away!"  Just kidding. But sound information can help you avoid mistakes.  

WATER & WETLAND  PLANTS A-Z  Browse all the possibilities.

WHAT  PLANT  WORKS WHERE  Is your site a barrel, a pond, a riverbank, a seashore, an estuary, a vernal pool, a seep, a waterfall? Is it sunny or shady?


WHAT IS A WETLAND?

A wetland is an area saturated or covered with shallow water for at least part of the year. It may stand alone or be next to a deeper body of water ~ a pond, lake, river, ocean. 

Wetlands help to cleanse water of  sediments and pollutants. They mitigate floods and drought. They are also irreplaceable habitat for many of our fellow creatures. 

To be useful to them, wetlands need a surrounding buffer zone ~ the wider the better ~ of plants above the waterline. Here grasses, sedges, reeds, shrubs and natural debris can shelter ducks, herons, frogs and salamanders that use the water for mating but raise their young on higher ground. Migrating whooping cranes, herons and other shore birds also feed in wetlands.  


RESOURCES

Before you embark on a water project, we recommend some detailed, practical information:

  • Fresh Water, by E. C. Pielou. University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN 0 226 66815 0. Do you know the natural water system you're dealing with? This book explains how fresh water behaves in its many guises, from underground lenses to oxbow rivers. Like all books by this author, it's a wonderful read, deftly presenting complex information in a conversational style, with pen-and-ink illustrations. 

  • The Streamkeepers Handbook. A practical guide to stream and wetland care, edited by Gary Taccogna and Karen Munro. Salmonid Enhancement Program, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1995. ISBN 0 660 15906 6. What needs doing? How do we do it? From planning through evaluation and continuing stewardship, this binder explains all, in modular form, with black-and-white drawings. Available from the Pacific Streamkeepers Federation, 720 Orwell Street, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada V7J 2G3. Telephone 1-800-723-7753. The price is $30 Canadian, with shipping included inside Canada and at cost to other destinations. Updates of the Handbook can be downloaded at www.pskf.ca, where you will also find other useful resources. 

  • Landscaping for Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest, by Russell Link. University of Washington Press with Washing Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1999. ISBN 0 295 97820 1. Whether you live in the boondocks or in a high-rise, you'll find ways here to attract and sustain your fellow creatures with plants. This book covers wetlands and other habitats, with color photos and black-and-white drawings. While the focus is on northwestern North America, much applies to temperate climates everywhere. 


WATER & WETLAND PLANTS A-Z
Alnus  Betula  Caltha  Camassia  Carex  Cornus  Crocidium  Disporum  Dodecatheon  Equisetum  Fritillaria  Gentiana   Iris  Iliamna  Juncus  Lilium Linnaea  Luetkea  Luzula  Lysichiton  Menyanthes Mimulus Mitella  Montia  Myrica  Nuphar  Petasites  Plectritis  Rhododendron Romanzoffia  Sagittaria  Salix  Saxifraga  Selaginella  Sidalcea  Sisyrinchium  Smilacina  Streptopus  Swertia Tellima  Tiarella  Tolmiea  Tricyrtis  Trientalis  Typha Vancouveria Veratrum  Viola  grasses  ferns  seeds 

WHAT PLANT WORKS WHERE:  A FEW SUGGESTIONS             
Click on a description of your site below, or scroll down through them all, starting here.
WETLANDS (shallow; saturated for at least part of the year)
Bog Swamp
Fen Vernal pool
Marsh Shallow open water
OTHER FRESHWATER SITES 
Waterfall River 
Seep Stream
Ditch Pond
Barrel or other open container Lake 
SALTWATER SITES 
Estuary Beach 
Ocean cliff Dune 

BOG
Bogs have a bottom of peat made from sphagnum moss. Their water is stagnant rainwater, held near the surface, and very acid. Bogs are dominated by sphagnum moss and acid-tolerant plants like Rhododendron (formerly Ledum) groenlandicum (Trapper's tea), Kalmia and Vaccinium (blueberries, cranberries and huckleberries).  

FEN
Fens are the opposite of bogs. Their bottom is mainly peat from sedges (Carex spp.). Groundwater flows through them near the surface and it tends to be neutral to alkaline. Fens are dominated by sedges. 

MARSH
Marshes have a seasonally fluctuating water level. Their bottom is mineral soil. They are dominated by sedges, rushes, reeds and cattails, with grasses and clumps of trees on the shore. 

SWAMP
Swamps have groundwater flowing through them year-round, and they are periodically flooded. Their bottom is mineral soil. They are dominated by trees and shrubs.  

VERNAL POOL
Vernal pools are wet in spring but dry in summer. 

SHALLOW OPEN WATER
Shallow open waters include potholes, sloughs, small ponds, and the like. They are wet year-round. They may be sunny or shady. 

WATERFALL   
splash zone     

SEEP 
    

DITCH (steep shoreline)
    

BARREL
Barrel or other container (shallow, all one depth, no shoreline)

RIVER
    

STREAM
Gradual shoreline (pond, stream, riverbank)

POND
    

LAKE  

ESTUARY
An estuary is a partly enclosed body of tidal water where seawater and river water (or other fresh water) mix. 

OCEAN CLIFF

OCEAN BEACH
Beaches are gently sloping regions of restless material deposited on the shore of a body of water. In this case we are talking only about ocean water. 

DUNE

salt tolerance 
 

 

These are examples, not laws. More plants than these will do well on these sites. Some of the plants we suggest will do well on more than one site. More information about growing conditions is provided in our species descriptions. 
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