|
Where the
garden meets the wild |
| WATER
& WETLAND PLANTS Under
construction |
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to Plants Index How to
Order |
|
Photograph © Dorrie Woodward
Here we present some of our favorite water-loving plants. Above:
All photographs on this page are copyright. Copyright owners are named
on the pages devoted to each species. |
|
| WHAT
IS A WETLAND? Ponds and streams are wet, but they're not
wetlands. RESOURCES
"I popped out one little rock and the entire
lake drained away!" Just kidding. But sound information can
help you avoid mistakes.
WATER
& WETLAND
PLANTS A-Z Browse all the possibilities.
WHAT PLANT WORKS WHERE
Is your site a barrel, a pond, a riverbank, a seashore, an estuary,
a vernal pool, a seep, a waterfall? Is it sunny or shady? |
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| WHAT
IS A WETLAND?
A wetland is an area saturated or covered with shallow water for at
least part of the year. It may stand alone or be next to a deeper body of
water ~ a pond, lake, river, ocean.
Wetlands help to cleanse water of sediments and pollutants. They
mitigate floods and drought.
They are also irreplaceable habitat for many of our fellow creatures.
To be useful to them, wetlands need a surrounding buffer
zone ~ the wider the better ~ of plants above the waterline. Here grasses,
sedges, reeds, shrubs and natural debris can shelter ducks, herons, frogs
and
salamanders that use the water for mating but raise
their young on higher ground. Migrating whooping cranes, herons and
other shore birds also feed in wetlands.
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RESOURCES
Before you embark on a water project, we recommend some detailed, practical information:
-
Fresh Water, by E. C.
Pielou. University of Chicago Press, 1998. ISBN 0 226 66815 0. Do you
know the natural water system
you're dealing with? This book explains how fresh water behaves
in its many guises, from underground lenses to oxbow rivers. Like all
books by this author, it's a wonderful read, deftly presenting complex
information in a conversational style, with pen-and-ink
illustrations.
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The Streamkeepers Handbook. A
practical guide to stream and wetland care, edited by Gary
Taccogna and Karen Munro. Salmonid Enhancement Program, Department of
Fisheries and Oceans, 1995. ISBN 0 660 15906 6. What needs doing? How
do we do it? From planning through evaluation and continuing
stewardship, this binder explains all, in modular form, with
black-and-white drawings. Available from the Pacific
Streamkeepers Federation, 720 Orwell Street, North Vancouver, B.C.,
Canada V7J 2G3. Telephone 1-800-723-7753. The price is $30 Canadian,
with shipping included inside Canada and at cost to other
destinations. Updates of the Handbook can be downloaded at www.pskf.ca, where you will also find other useful resources.
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Landscaping for Wildlife in
the Pacific Northwest, by Russell Link. University of
Washington Press with Washing Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1999.
ISBN 0 295 97820 1. Whether you live in the boondocks or in a high-rise, you'll find
ways here to attract and sustain your
fellow creatures with plants. This book
covers wetlands and other habitats, with color photos and black-and-white drawings. While the focus
is on northwestern North America, much applies to temperate climates
everywhere.
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| WATER
& WETLAND
PLANTS A-Z |
|
| Alnus
Betula Caltha Camassia
Carex Cornus Crocidium Disporum
Dodecatheon Equisetum Fritillaria
Gentiana Iris Iliamna
Juncus Lilium Linnaea
Luetkea Luzula Lysichiton
Menyanthes Mimulus Mitella Montia
Myrica Nuphar Petasites Plectritis
Rhododendron Romanzoffia Sagittaria Salix Saxifraga Selaginella
Sidalcea Sisyrinchium
Smilacina Streptopus
Swertia Tellima Tiarella
Tolmiea Tricyrtis
Trientalis Typha Vancouveria Veratrum
Viola grasses ferns seeds |
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| WHAT
PLANT WORKS WHERE: A FEW SUGGESTIONS |
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|
| Click on a description of your
site below, or scroll down through them all, starting here.
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| WETLANDS
(shallow; saturated for at least part of the year)
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| Bog
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Swamp
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| Fen
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Vernal pool
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| Marsh
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Shallow
open water
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| OTHER
FRESHWATER SITES
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| Waterfall
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River
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| Seep
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Stream
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| Ditch
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Pond
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| Barrel or
other open container
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Lake
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| SALTWATER
SITES
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| Estuary
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Beach
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| Ocean cliff
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Dune
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| BOG
|
| Bogs have a bottom of peat made from
sphagnum moss. Their water is stagnant rainwater, held near the surface,
and very acid. Bogs are dominated by sphagnum moss and acid-tolerant plants like
Rhododendron (formerly Ledum) groenlandicum (Trapper's tea), Kalmia and Vaccinium (blueberries, cranberries
and huckleberries).
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| FEN
|
| Fens are the opposite of bogs. Their
bottom is mainly peat from sedges (Carex spp.). Groundwater flows through
them near the surface and it tends to be neutral to alkaline. Fens are dominated by sedges.
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| MARSH
|
| Marshes have a seasonally
fluctuating water level. Their bottom is mineral soil. They are
dominated by sedges, rushes, reeds and cattails, with grasses and
clumps of trees on the shore.
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| SWAMP
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| Swamps have groundwater flowing
through them year-round, and they are periodically flooded. Their
bottom is mineral soil. They are dominated by trees and
shrubs.
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| VERNAL
POOL
|
| Vernal pools are wet in spring but
dry in summer.
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| SHALLOW
OPEN WATER
|
| Shallow open waters include
potholes, sloughs, small ponds, and the like. They are wet year-round. They
may be sunny or shady.
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| WATERFALL
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| splash zone
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| SEEP |
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| DITCH
(steep shoreline) |
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| BARREL |
| Barrel or other container (shallow,
all one depth, no shoreline)
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| RIVER |
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| STREAM |
| Gradual shoreline (pond, stream,
riverbank)
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| POND |
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| LAKE |
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| ESTUARY |
| An estuary is a partly
enclosed body of tidal water where seawater and river water (or other
fresh water) mix. |
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| OCEAN
CLIFF |
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| OCEAN
BEACH |
| Beaches are gently
sloping regions of restless material deposited on the shore of a body of
water. In this case we are talking only about ocean water. |
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| DUNE |
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| salt tolerance |
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| These are examples, not laws. More
plants than these will do well on these sites. Some of the plants we
suggest will do well on more than one site. More information about growing
conditions is provided in our species
descriptions. |
| Return
to Plants Index How to
Order |